All You Need to Know About the 2024 Somaliland Presidential Election

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As Somaliland gears up for its upcoming presidential election, political observers and citizens alike are preparing for an event that holds significant implications for the self-declared republic in the Horn of Africa.

Scheduled for Wednesday, November 13, 2024, this election comes at a critical moment as Somaliland continues its journey toward economic growth, international recognition, and democratic governance. Somaliland’s last presidential elections were held in 2017.

The presidential election was originally set to take place in 2022 but was postponed until 2023 and then again pushed forward to November 2024, following a controversial extension of Muse Bihi Abdi’s mandate by the parliament’s upper house.

The Somaliland National Election Commission, or NEC, said at the time that the delays were due to “time, technical and financial constraints.” Opposition parties vehemently denounced the delays.

According to the Somaliland National Electoral Commission, more than 1 million registered and eligible voters head to the polls Wednesday to elect their president for the next five years.

Here’s everything you need to know about the 2024 Somaliland presidential election.

Key Presidential Candidates

Somaliland’s political landscape is characterized by its limited but active party system. The presidential race in 2024 will see three main candidates from the region’s established parties. These candidates, approved by the National Electoral Commission (NEC), represent the country's primary political voices and visions for the future. Among the top contenders are:

President Muse Bihi Abdi, the incumbent, representing the Peace, Unity and Development Party or Kulmiye Party. Abdi, who has led the republic since 2017, is seeking reelection and hopes to build upon his first term’s accomplishments, focusing on stability, economic development, and Somaliland’s pursuit of international recognition.

Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, a candidate from the Waddani Party. Abdullahi is the primary opposition figure and critic of the incumbent’s administration, advocating for transparency, accountability, and expanded democratic freedoms.

Faysal Ali Warabe of the Justice and Development Party (UCID). Warabe has long been a figure in Somaliland politics and brings with him a platform focused on economic reforms, anti-corruption measures, and social development.

Somaliland’s Electoral System

The president of Somaliland is elected for a five-year term through a direct popular vote, with an absolute majority required to secure victory. Should no candidate secure a majority in the first round, a runoff will be held. This system has helped promote stability in previous elections, although it presents challenges, as regional and clan dynamics heavily influence voting behaviors.

Somaliland’s legislative branch includes two houses:

• The House of Elders (Guurti): An upper chamber that primarily advises on policy, it consists of 82 members who play a significant role in mediating regional and clan conflicts.
• The House of Representatives: Comprising 82 members elected through a proportional representation system, this house oversees legislation and representation of Somaliland’s various regions and communities.

Requirements for Presidential Candidates

The Somaliland constitution specifies a range of qualifications for anyone seeking the presidency. Candidates must meet the following conditions:

• Hold only Somaliland citizenship.
• Be at least 40 years old on election day.
• Be a Muslim and abide by Islamic principles.
• Demonstrate loyalty to the state and respect for democratic processes.
• Have no criminal record or history of actions against Somaliland’s independence and stability.
• Submit a public declaration of their assets, both domestically and abroad.

These requirements aim to ensure that presidential candidates are loyal to Somaliland’s unique political and cultural context and committed to its aspirations for recognition and autonomy.

Key Issues for Voters

Several critical issues are expected to shape the upcoming election, with economic development, security, and political reform at the forefront. Key concerns include:

• Economic Diversification: Somaliland’s economy is heavily dependent on remittances and livestock exports, leaving it vulnerable to external market fluctuations. Candidates are expected to present plans to diversify the economy, create jobs, and attract foreign investment.
• Security and Stability: Given Somaliland’s proximity to conflict-ridden areas, maintaining internal security is a top priority. Candidates are expected to focus on strengthening local defense forces, building partnerships with neighboring countries, and enhancing border security.
• International Recognition: Since declaring independence from Somalia in 1991, Somaliland has sought international recognition as an independent state. The candidates’ foreign policy strategies, particularly regarding Somalia and the African Union, are closely watched by voters in deciding who to vote for.
• Democratic Freedoms and Governance: Concerns over government transparency and freedom of speech persist. Many voters are interested in reforms that can address corruption and strengthen democratic processes.

When will results be declared?

After the election, the NEC is expected to announce preliminary results within 72 hours. Political parties or candidates who dispute the results have a 48-hour window to lodge complaints, which the NEC is then responsible for addressing. The final results are anticipated to be confirmed shortly after, barring any legal disputes.

Challenges and Prospects

Despite its commitment to democratic practices, Somaliland faces numerous challenges in holding credible elections. Limited financial resources, regional disputes, and the absence of international recognition can impede the smooth conduct of electoral activities. However, the 2024 presidential election presents an opportunity for Somaliland to reaffirm its democratic principles and commitment to peaceful governance.

As Somaliland heads to the polls, all eyes are on its people, leaders, and electoral body. This election stands as a pivotal moment, one that will shape the region’s future and Somaliland’s ongoing journey toward international recognition and development. The 2024 election is not only about selecting a leader but also about reinforcing Somaliland’s identity and values in a complex regional context.